解答这两类题,只需找准三类提示词
- 来源:《广东教育》(高中) smarty:if $article.tag?>
- 关键字:主旨句,表明逻辑,表达 smarty:/if?>
- 发布时间:2020-07-22 09:38
刘凌兰
全文主旨句常位于首段段首或段末或有转折处,段落主旨句常作为段落小标题或是段落首句,因此,对主旨句的考查,考生相对容易做对,而对于段中的细节句和过渡句的考查,做起来则相对较难。笔者将以近三年的高考英语全国Ⅰ卷真题为例,谈谈如何运用复现词、代词和表明逻辑关系的词等三类提示词,解答细节句和过渡句这两类考题。
一、复现词
词语复现是保证文章前后衔接的一种写作手段。词语复现是指表达相同意思的词汇在文章的不同地方重复出现的现象。复现可以是原词重复出现,也可以是用不同的词表达相同的意思。
[例1](2019年全国Ⅰ卷)Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). _________In these places, patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we need to associate fresh air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
解析:本题在段中,为细节句。前一句中的关键词healing与G选项中的Healing对应。G选项中的recovery与后一句中的recovery对应,均为原词复现,很可能就是答案,将G项代入文中,前后连贯,语意衔接,故G项正确。顺便提提,本题也可根据代词解题,后一句的In these places指代G项中的Healing Gardens。
二、代词
代词是语篇衔接的重要手段之一。代词是指代前面提及的名词或句子的词,因此,凡遇代词,不论是在选项中,还是在空格前后句中,我们就要分析该代词到底是指前面的什么内容,若能找到,前后语意衔接,就易于找出正确选项了。找指代内容时注意代词的人称、性别和单复数等。
[例2](2018年全国Ⅰ卷)Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. ____________, they can get a little complex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
A. While all of them are useful
B. Whatever you are looking for
C. If you are experimenting with a color
解析:本题在段中,为过渡句或承接句。选项A中的all of them指代上句中的名词短语a number of different techniques(许多不同的技巧),很可能就是答案,将其代入文中,“多年来,已经有许多不同的技巧来帮助设计师处理这一重要问题。虽然它们都很有用,但是它们可能会变得有点复杂。但是好消息是……”前后连贯,语意衔接,故选A项。
三、表明逻辑关系的词
语篇是通过一定的衔接手段将一些意义相关的句子按照逻辑组织在一起的语意整体。在这一过程中,逻辑关系词起了重要作用。因此,理清段与段、句与句之间的逻辑关系,把握文脉,有助于理解语篇内容,做到高效答题。常见的逻辑关系有与转折、因果、让步、并列、递进、总分、举例、解释等,如果有表明逻辑关系的标志词,如besides, therefore, so, but, however, for example, such as等,要特别注意。当然,做对题的前提还是要能读懂文章,特别是能准确理解空格前后句和选项的意思。
[例3](2017年全国Ⅰ卷)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. __________
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer ...
I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness ...
B. Things are going to be improved.
C. The trip they took me on was a tough one.
D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.
解析:本題为过渡句。前面的句子表明作者三年前对露营有抵触心理,因下面各段都是描述作者露营的经历的,可知作者后来去了,由抵触野营到多次去野营,显然是转折关系,选项D中有明显的表转折的标志词however,很可能就是答案,将其代入文中,前后语意衔接,故选D项。
责任编辑 蒋小青
刘凌兰
